"สตีเฟน ฮอว์กิง" (Stephen Hawking) นักฟิสิกส์ดาราศาสตร์ชื่อดังชาวอังกฤษ ระบุไว้ในผลงานหนังสือเล่มใหม่ล่าสุดของเขาว่า ไม่มี "พระเจ้า" อยู่ในที่ใดๆ ของทฤษฎีการสร้างเอกภพหรือจักรวาลนี้ขึ้นมา เนื่องจากบิกแบง (Big Bang) นั้นเป็นผลลัพธ์ที่เกิดขึ้นได้ไม่ยากจากกฎทางฟิสิกส์ ตามรายงานข่างในเอเอฟพีและบีบีซีนิวส์
"เพราะว่ามีกฎแห่งความโน้มถ่วง เอกภพถึงได้สามารถสร้างตัวเองขึ้นมาได้จากที่ไม่มีอะไรเลย การสร้างขึ้นเองโดยธรรมชาตินี้คือเหตุผลของการที่มีบางสิ่งบางอย่างแทนที่จะไม่มีอะไรเลย ทำไมเอกภพถึงยังคงอยู่ ทำไมพวกเราถึงยังคงอยู่" ข้อความส่วนหนึ่งที่ฮอว์กิงเขียนไว้ในหนังสือ "เดอะ แกรนด์ ดีไซน์" (The Grand Desig) ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นตอนในหนังสือพิมพ์ไทม์ ซึ่งเขายังบอกอีกด้วยว่านั่นไม่จำเป็นเลยที่จะต้องมีการวิงวอนขอให้พระเจ้าสร้างเอกภพนี้ขึ้นมา
ในหนังสือเล่มใหม่ล่าสุดของฮอว์กิง เขาได้อ้างถึงการค้นพบดาวเคราะห์นอกระบบสุริยะดวงหนึ่งเมื่อปี 1992 ด้วย ซึ่งการค้นพบนั้นได้ทำลายความเชื่อของเซอร์ไอแซก นิวตัน (Sir Isaac Newton) ผู้ได้ชื่อว่าเป็นบิดาแห่งฟิสิกส์ ที่เชื่อว่าเอกภพนั้นไม่ได้เกิดขึ้นมาจากความยุ่งเหยิง แต่ถูกออกแบบขึ้นมาโดยพระเจ้า
"นั่นทำให้เกิดความสอดคล้องต้องกันของสภาวะของดาวเคราะห์ของเรา คือดวงอาทิตย์ดวงเดี่ยวๆ การผสมผสานที่ลงตัวกันของระยะทางระหว่างโลกและดวงอาทิตย์กับปริมาณแสงอาทิตย์ที่ส่องมาถึงโลก ซึ่งนั่นไม่แปลกประหลาดเกินไป และไม่เป็นการบังคับกันมากเกินไปที่จะพิสูจน์ว่าโลกถูกออกแบบมาอย่างพิถีพิถันเพื่อให้มนุษย์อยู่ได้อย่างพึงพอใจ" ข้อความบางตอนที่ฮอว์กิงเขียนไว้ในหนังสือดังกล่าว
ทั้งนี้ ผลงานเล่มล่าสุดของฮอว์กิงนั้นเขาเขียนร่วมกับลีโอนาร์ด มลาห์ดินาว (Leonard Mlodinow) นักฟิสิกส์สหรัฐฯ ซึ่งผลงานตีพิมพ์รวมเล่มจะออกมาในวันที่ 9 ก.ย. นี้
Stephen Hawking Theory: God is not Creator of the Universe
Theory of a leading physicist, Stephen Hawking, that God had nothing to do with the creation of the universe has invited strong reactions from the clergy in England. According to them, Hawking’s theory can not be accepted as truth more than anything else to disturb the faith of others.
Head of the Anglican Church, Rowan Williams, Hawking can not accept the argument that the universe could be created without the intervention of God. According to Williams, since the first humans to believe that God created the universe.
“Believing in God is not just filling a gap in explaining how it related to other things in the universe,” Williams said in the magazine “Eureka” published by The Times.
“Confidence is what explains that there is an element that is smart and live where everything ultimately depends on its existence,” added Williams, who also cited his comments pages of The Daily Telegraph, Friday, September 3, 2010.
“Physical Science by itself will not answer the question why there than gone,” continued Williams. He criticized Hawking’s statement that, “Because there is a law like gravity, the universe can and will create their own.”
Williams also could not figure out with a statement 68-year-old scientist was that “the spontaneous creation is a reason why there than gone, why the universe exists, why we exist.”
Besides Williams, the criticism also came from other religious leaders, like leaders of the Roman Catholic Church in England, Lord Sacks, and Ibrahim Mogra, chairman of the Muslim Council of England. Told The Times, Lord Sacks rate that science is an explanation, while religion is about interpretation.
Through his new book thant will be published on Sept. 9, “The Grand Design“, Hawking confront Isaac Newton’s conviction – as well as Hawking’s own view – that the universe including the Earth was formed due to divine intervention.
In summary the book first published the British daily, The Times, Hawking challenged Newton’s theory that the universe is definitely not designed by God for this phenomenon may emerge from chaos. Latest book was written with the American physicist Hawking, Leonard Mlodinow.
Not just this one time override Hawking proposed the concept of God in his theory. In an interview with British television station, Channel 4, June, Hawking admitted to not believe that there is a God is “personal.”
“The question is, if so how the universe began to be chosen by God for reasons we can not understand, or if it is determined by a scientific proposition?” I believe the second one, “said Hawking was in the program” Genius of Britain. “
“If you want, you can call the scientific postulates that ‘the Lord.” But not as a personal God who can you go and you ask, “continued Hawking.
Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow -The Grand Design
How can we understand the world in which we find ourselves? Over twenty years ago I wrote A Brief History of Time, to try to explain where the universe came from, and where it is going. But that book left some important questions unanswered. Why is there a universe – why is there something rather than nothing? Why do we exist? Why are the laws of nature what they are? Did the universe need a designer and creator?
It was Einstein’s dream to discover the grand design of the universe, a single theory that explains everything. However, physicists in Einstein’s day hadn’t made enough progress in understanding the forces of nature for that to be a realistic goal. And by the time I had begun writing A Brief History of Time, there were still several key advances that had not yet been made that would prevent us from fulfilling Einstein’s dream. But in recent years the development of M-theory, the top-down approach to cosmology, and new observations such as those made by satellites like NASA’s COBE and WMAP, have brought us closer than ever to that single theory, and to being able to answer those deepest of questions. And so Leonard Mlodinow and I set out to write a sequel to A Brief History of Time to attempt to answer the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything. The result is The Grand Design, the product of our four-year effort.
In The Grand Design we explain why, according to quantum theory, the cosmos does not have just a single existence, or history, but rather that every possible history of the universe exists simultaneously. We question the conventional concept of reality, posing instead a “modeldependent” theory of reality. We discuss how the laws of our particular universe are extraordinarily finely tuned so as to allow for our existence, and show why quantum theory predicts the multiverse -the idea that ours is just one of many universes that appeared spontaneously out of nothing, each with different laws of nature. And we assess M-Theory, an explanation of the laws governing the multiverse, and the only viable candidate for a complete “theory of everything.” As we promise in our opening chapter, unlike the answer to the Ultimate Question of Life given in the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, the answer we provide in The Grand Design is not, simply, “42.”
God did not create the universe and the “Big Bang” was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking argues in a new book.
In “The Grand Design,” co-authored with U.S. physicist Leonard Mlodinow, Hawking says a new series of theories made a creator of the universe redundant, according to the Times newspaper which published extracts on Thursday.
(Photo: Stephen Hawking, June 20, 2010/Sheryl Nadler)
“Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist,” Hawking writes. “It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going.”
Hawking, 68, who won global recognition with his 1988 book “A Brief History of Time,” an account of the origins of the universe, is renowned for his work on black holes, cosmology and quantum gravity. His latest comments suggest he has broken away from previous views he has expressed on religion. Previously, he wrote that the laws of physics meant it was simply not necessary to believe that God had intervened in the Big Bang.
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